Military camouflage became an essential part of modern military tactics after the increase in accuracy and rate of fire of weapons during the 19th century.

Until the 20th century armies tended to use bright colors and bold, impressive designs.

These were thought to daunt the enemy, foster unit cohesion,

allow easier identification of units in the fog of war, and attract recruits.

In addition, bright uniforms, such as the red coats formerly used by the British,

tended to deter desertion.

Conversely, the intent of camouflage is to disrupt an outline by merging it with the surroundings,

making a target harder to spot or hit. Different countries have undergone different evolutionary stages towards the development of military camouflage.